Eastern Africa, encompassing countries like Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, and parts of Ethiopia and Somalia, has a diverse climate due to varying topography and proximity to the equator. Generally, the region experiences warm to hot temperatures year-round, with distinct rainy and dry seasons influenced by the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ).

General Climate Characteristics:

• Equatorial Climate: Near the equator, regions such as coastal Kenya and Tanzania, and southern Uganda, experience consistently warm temperatures with high humidity. Rainfall is spread throughout the year, with peaks during the rainy seasons.

• Highland Climate: Elevated areas, including the Ethiopian Highlands, Kenya’s Central Highlands, and Tanzania’s Northern Highlands, enjoy cooler temperatures. These regions have distinct rainy and dry seasons, with significant temperature drops at night.

• Arid and Semi-Arid Climate: Parts of Somalia, northern Kenya, and eastern Ethiopia have arid and semi-arid climates. These areas experience high temperatures and receive minimal rainfall, making them prone to droughts.

Seasonal Variations:

• Long Rainy Season (March to May): Known as the “long rains,” this period sees heavy rainfall across much of Eastern Africa. The landscape turns lush and green, but some areas may experience flooding.

• Short Rainy Season (October to December): Called the “short rains,” this season brings lighter and less consistent rainfall. It refreshes the environment after the dry months but is less intense than the long rainy season.

• Dry Seasons (June to September and January to February): These are the coolest and driest months of the year. Temperatures are comfortable, especially in the highlands, while coastal and lowland areas remain warm. This is the best time for wildlife viewing as animals gather around water sources.

Country-Specific Highlights:

• Kenya: Central Kenya (Nairobi, Laikipia) has moderate temperatures year-round, with cooler nights and mornings during the dry season. Coastal areas (Mombasa, Malindi) are hot and humid, with ocean breezes providing relief. The Maasai Mara experiences chilly mornings and evenings, especially during the dry season.

• Tanzania: The coastal regions (Dar es Salaam, Zanzibar) are warm and humid, with the heaviest rains from March to May. The Northern Circuit (Serengeti, Ngorongoro) enjoys cooler temperatures, especially at higher altitudes, with chilly nights during the dry season.

• Uganda: Equatorial with regular rainfall throughout the year. The southern regions, including Kampala and the shores of Lake Victoria, are warm and humid. The western highlands (Bwindi, Rwenzori Mountains) are cooler with heavy rainfall, especially during the long rains.

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